Pojmy, zkratky, idiomy

156 pěkných a/nebo užitečných termínů, které jsem vyčetl nebo zaslechl. Většinu jsem zaznamenal po roce 2020, starší průběžně doplňuju z poznámek.

Inspirováno stránkou Look what Adam found on Wikipedia.

10 nejnovějších: white elephant, culturomics, kludgeocracy, Machthaber, desire path, woonerf, smrskflace, elopement, aphantasia, r/K selection theory

adjacent possible

The concept of the “adjacent possible” was introduced by Stuart Kauffman (1996; 2000) in evolutionary biology and complex adaptive systems to explain how biological evolution can be seen as exploration and actualization of what is adjacent possible, i.e., available at hand. (researchgate.net)

agnotology

Within the sociology of knowledge, agnotology (formerly agnatology) is the study of deliberate, culturally induced ignorance or doubt, typically to sell a product, influence opinion, or win favour, particularly through the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data (disinformation). More generally, the term includes the condition where more knowledge of a subject creates greater uncertainty. (en.wikipedia.org)

ahegao

Ahegao (japonsky アヘ顔) je termín v japonské pornografii popisující výraz tváře fiktivní postavy (většinou ženské) při sexu, často užívaný v erotických videohrách (eroge), manze a anime (hentai). Výraz je obvykle vyobrazen „kroutícíma“ nebo šilhavýma očima, vyplazeným jazykem a mírně zarudlým obličejem, který znázorňuje potěšení nebo extázi. (cs.wikipedia.org)

ALARA

The guiding principle of radiation safety is “ALARA”. ALARA stands for “as low as reasonably achievable”. (cdc.gov)

alexithymia

Alexithymia (/əˌlɛksɪˈθaɪmiə/ ə-LEK-sih-THY-mee-ə), also called emotional blindness, is a neuropsychological phenomenon characterized by significant challenges in recognizing, expressing, sourcing, and describing one’s emotions. It is associated with difficulties in attachment and interpersonal relations. While there is no scientific consensus on its classification as a personality trait, medical symptom, or mental disorder, alexithymia is highly prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ranging from 50% to 85% of prevalence. (en.wikipedia.org)

amygdala hijack

An amygdala hijack is an emotional response that is immediate, overwhelming, and out of measure with the actual stimulus because it has triggered a much more significant emotional threat. The term, coined by Daniel Goleman in his 1996 book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, is used by affective neuroscientists and is considered a formal academic term. The amygdala is made up of two small, round structures located closer to the forehead than (anterior to) the hippocampi, near the temporal lobes. The amygdalae are involved in detecting and learning which parts of our surroundings are important and have emotional significance. They are critical for the production of emotion. They are known to be very important for negative emotions, especially fear. Amygdala activation often happens when we see a potential threat. The amygdala uses our past, related memories to help us make decisions about what is currently happening. (en.wikipedia.org)

anthropocebo effect

a psychological condition that exacerbates human-induced damage—a certain pessimism that makes us accept human destruction as inevitable (edge.org)

aphantasia

(psychology, pathology) A condition where one does not possess a functioning “mind’s eye” and cannot visualize imagery. ¶ From a- +‎ phantasia. From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + φαντασία (phantasía, “perception, impression, image, look, appearance”), coined in a 2015 article. (en.wiktionary.org)

apofenie

Apofenie je lidská tendence vnímat smysluplné vzorce v náhodných datech. (cs.wikipedia.org)

appel du vide

L’appel du vide est une expression utilisée pour désigner les pensées intrusives, les idées suicidaires ou l’envie de s’engager dans des comportements autodestructeurs au cours de la vie quotidienne. Par exemple, on inclut, penser à faire un écart sur la voie opposée pendant la conduite, ou la sensation d’envie de sauter d’une falaise en se tenant à son sommet. (fr.wikipedia.org)

Ballmer peak

The Ballmer Peak is a humorous concept invented by Randall Munroe in the xkcd webcomic, claiming that a programmer who is appropriately intoxicated can achieve a high level of productivity. The concept loosely tied to former Microsoft CEO, Steve Ballmer, and is likely a play on Balmer series of hydrogen spectral lines named for the scientist Johann Balmer. (en.wikipedia.org)

bařtipán

Bařtipán je hanlivé pojmenování pro pohodlného, obtloustlého, převážně staršího pána. Nebo takét to může lusťoch; nadutý blahobytník, fouňa. (odpovedi.cz)

BATNA

In negotiation theory, the best alternative to a negotiated agreement or BATNA (no deal option) refers to the most advantageous alternative course of action a party can take if negotiations fail and an agreement cannot be reached. The BATNA could include diverse situations, such as suspension of negotiations, transition to another negotiating partner, appeal to the court’s ruling, the execution of strikes, and the formation of other forms of alliances. BATNA is the key focus and the driving force behind a successful negotiator. A party should generally not accept a worse resolution than its BATNA. Care should be taken, however, to ensure that deals are accurately valued, taking into account all considerations, such as relationship value, time value of money and the likelihood that the other party will live up to their side of the bargain. These other considerations are often difficult to value since they are frequently based on uncertain or qualitative considerations rather than easily measurable and quantifiable factors. (en.wikipedia.org)

benching

Athletes get benched, or “removed from a game,” all the time. What does it mean in dating? Benching refers to the practice of keeping a potential romantic partner on hold in case others don’t work out. If you’re being benched, the person who is doing the benching might reach out just often enough to keep you on the hook, but they only really invest time in the relationship or come around when they don’t have other options. If dating had referees, there would definitely be a flag on this play. (dictionary.com)

Betteridge’s law

Betteridge’s law of headlines is an adage that states: “Any headline that ends in a question mark can be answered by the word no.” It is named after Ian Betteridge, a British technology journalist who wrote about it in 2009, although the principle is much older. It is based on the assumption that if the publishers were confident that the answer was yes, they would have presented it as an assertion; by presenting it as a question, they are not accountable for whether it is correct or not. The adage does not apply to questions that are more open-ended than strict yes–no questions. (en.wikipedia.org)

biophilia

The biophilia hypothesis (also called BET) suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life. Edward O. Wilson introduced and popularized the hypothesis in his book, Biophilia (1984). He defines biophilia as “the urge to affiliate with other forms of life”. (en.wikipedia.org)

Brotberuf

bread-and-butter job, main job (often opposed to more creative, but unprofitable work) ¶ Brot +‎ Beruf (en.wiktionary.org)

bulharská konstanta

Je to číslo, kterým se vynásobí nějaký údaj, aby vyšlo to co chceme. Bulharská konstanta tedy vlastně žádnou pořádnou konstatnou není, mělo by se jí spíše říkat bulharská proměnná. (heronovo.cz)

canities subita

Canities subita, also called Marie Antoinette syndrome or Thomas More syndrome, is an alleged condition of hair turning white overnight due to stress or trauma. The trivial names come from specific cases in history including that of Queen Marie Antoinette of France whose hair was noted as having turned stark white overnight after her capture following the ill-fated flight to Varennes during the French Revolution. An older case of Sir Thomas More’s hair turning white the night before his beheading has also been recorded. Although a number of cases of rapid hair greying have been documented, the underlying patho-physiological changes have not been sufficiently studied. (en.wikipedia.org)

cottagecore

Cottagecore (sometimes referred to as countrycore or farmcore) is an internet aesthetic idealising rural life. Originally based on a rural European life, it was developed throughout the 2010s and was first named cottagecore on Tumblr in 2018. The aesthetic centres on traditional rural clothing, interior design, and crafts such as drawing, baking, and pottery, and is related to similar aesthetic movements such as grandmacore, goblincore, gnomecore and fairycore. (en.wikipedia.org)

critical making

Critical making refers to the hands-on productive activities that link digital technologies to society. It was invented to bridge the gap between creative, physical, and conceptual exploration. The purpose of critical making resides in the learning extracted from the process of making rather than the experience derived from the finished output. The term “critical making” was popularized by Matt Ratto, an associate professor at the University of Toronto. Ratto describes one of the main goals of critical making as a way “to use material forms of engagement with technologies to supplement and extend critical reflection and, in doing so, to reconnect our lived experiences with technologies to social and conceptual critique.” “Critical making”, as defined by practitioners like Matt Ratto and Stephen Hockema, “is an elision of two typically disconnected modes of engagement in the world — “critical thinking,” often considered as abstract, explicit, linguistically based, internal and cognitively individualistic; and “making,” typically understood as tacit, embodied, external, and community-oriented.” (en.wikipedia.org)

Csaplárova past

Csaplárova past je pojem označující situaci ve fotbale, kdy po poločase jedno mužstvo vede 2:0, kvůli čemuž nabude dojmu, že má zápas pod kontrolou. Ztratí koncentraci a umožní soupeři zápas vyrovnat nebo otočit. Označení pochází od trenéra Josefa Csaplára. (cs.wikipedia.org)

culturomics

Culturomics is a form of computational lexicology that studies human behavior and cultural trends through the quantitative analysis of digitized texts. Researchers data mine large digital archives to investigate cultural phenomena reflected in language and word usage. The term is an American neologism first described in a 2010 Science article called Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books, co-authored by Harvard researchers Jean-Baptiste Michel and Erez Lieberman Aiden. (en.wikipedia.org)

desire path

A desire path, often referred to as a desire line in transportation planning and also known by various other names, is an unplanned small trail created as a consequence of mechanical erosion caused by human or animal traffic. The path usually represents the shortest or the most easily navigated route between an origin and destination, and the width and severity of its surface erosion are often indicators of the traffic level it receives. (en.wikipedia.org)

dirtbag left

The dirtbag left is a style of left-wing politics that eschews civility to convey a left-wing populist and anti-capitalist message using vulgarity. It is most closely associated with American left-wing online media that emerged in the mid-2010s, such as the podcasts Chapo Trap House and Red Scare. (en.wikipedia.org)

doomscrolling

(informal, neologism) The practice of continually reading Internet news about catastrophic events. ¶ From doom +‎ scrolling, from the practice of scrolling through timelines and news feeds on a computer or mobile device. (en.wiktionary.org)

döstädning

Döstädning je označení pro myšlenku uspořádání vlastních záležitostí před smrtí, tedy jakéhosi „předsmrtného úklidu“, pozůstávajícího zejména z darování nebo vyhození nepotřebných předmětů v domácnosti (například oblečení nebo knih). Idea pochází ze Švédska a je spojena s knihou Margarety Magnussonové Opruimen voor je doodgaat (2017, česky Životní úklid), jež byla záhy přeložena do mnoha jazyků a stala se bestsellerem. Samotné označení vzniklo složením švédských slov dö („zemřít“), a städning („úklid“). (cs.wikipedia.org)

Double empathy problem

The theory of the double empathy problem is a psychological and sociological theory first coined in 2012 by Damian Milton, an autistic autism researcher. This theory proposes that many of the difficulties autistic individuals face when socializing with non-autistic individuals are due, in part, to a lack of mutual understanding between the two groups, meaning that most autistic people struggle to understand and empathize with non-autistic people, whereas most non-autistic people also struggle to understand and empathize with autistic people. This lack of understanding may stem from bidirectional differences in communication style, social-cognitive characteristics, and experiences between autistic and non-autistic individuals, but not necessarily an inherent deficiency. Recent studies have shown that most autistic individuals are able to socialize, communicate effectively, empathize well, and display social reciprocity with most other autistic individuals. This theory and subsequent findings challenge the commonly held belief that the social skills of autistic individuals are inherently impaired, as well as the theory of “mind-blindness” proposed by prominent autism researcher Simon Baron-Cohen in the mid-1980s, which suggested that empathy and theory of mind are universally impaired in autistic individuals. (en.wikipedia.org)

drapetomanie

Drapetomanie (z řeckého δραπετης, drapetes, uprchlíci a μανια, mania, šílenství) je údajná duševní porucha popsaná americkým lékařem Samuelem A. Cartwrightem, která měla způsobovat prchání černých otroků ze zajetí. Dnes je drapetomanie pokládána za příklad pseudovědy a za součást konstrukce vědeckého rasizmu. (cs.wikipedia.org)

dromomania

Dromomania was a historical psychiatric diagnosis whose primary symptom was uncontrollable urge to walk or wander. Dromomania has also been referred to as traveling fugue. Non-clinically, the term has come to be used to describe a desire for frequent traveling or wanderlust. (en.wikipedia.org)

dvojná vazba

Dvojná vazba (v originále Double bind) je psychologický pojem, označující způsob komunikace, při níž jedinec dostává od komunikující osoby dvě neslučitelné informace současně. Může jít o rozpor mezi verbální a neverbální složkou projevu, případně v širším pojetí i o logický protiklad. (cs.wikipedia.org)

Einstellung effect

Einstellung (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪ̯nˌʃtɛlʊŋ]) is the development of a mechanized state of mind. Often called a problem solving set, Einstellung refers to a person’s predisposition to solve a given problem in a specific manner even though better or more appropriate methods of solving the problem exist. (en.wikipedia.org)

elopement

Elopement is a marriage which is conducted in a sudden and secretive fashion, sometimes involving a hurried flight away from one’s place of residence together with one’s beloved with the intention of getting married without parental approval. An elopement is contrasted with an abduction (e.g., a bride kidnapping), in which either the bride or groom has not consented, or a shotgun wedding in which the parents of one (prototypically the bride’s) coerce both into marriage. (en.m.wikipedia.org)

enshittification

Enshittification (alternately, crapification and platform decay) is a pattern in which online products and services decline in quality. Initially, vendors create high-quality offerings to attract users, then they degrade those offerings to better serve business customers, and finally degrade their services to users and business customers to maximize profits for shareholders. (en.wikipedia.org)

ephemeralization

Ephemeralization, a term coined by R. Buckminster Fuller in 1938, is the ability of technological advancement to do “more and more with less and less until eventually you can do everything with nothing,” that is, an accelerating increase in the efficiency of achieving the same or more output (products, services, information, etc.) while requiring less input (effort, time, materials, resources, etc.). The application of materials and technology in modern cell phones, compared to older computers and phones, exemplify the concepts of Ephemeralization whereby technological advancement can drive efficiency in the form of fewer materials being used to provide greater utility (more functionality with less resource use). Fuller’s vision was that ephemeralization, through technological progress, could result in ever-increasing standards of living for an ever-growing population. The concept has been embraced by those who argue against Malthusian philosophy. (en.wikipedia.org)

epistemic injustice

Epistemic injustice is injustice related to knowledge. It includes exclusion and silencing; systematic distortion or misrepresentation of one’s meanings or contributions; undervaluing of one’s status or standing in communicative practices; unfair distinctions in authority; and unwarranted distrust. (en.wikipedia.org)

esprit de l’escalier

L’esprit de l’escalier (výslovnost [lɛspʁi də lɛskalje], doslovně přeloženo: „Nápad na schodech“ či „Schodová moudrost“) je francouzský výraz pro myšlenku nebo reakci, která přijde příliš pozdě a již je zbytečná. V původním významu si host vzpomene na trefnou repliku až ve chvíli, kdy už po schodišti opouští dům hostitele. Volně přeloženo: „S křížkem po funuse“ (cs.wikipedia.org)

FAFO

(intransitive, slang, vulgar) To experience the negative consequences of engaging in a risky course of action. ¶ fuck around and find out (third-person singular simple present fucks around and finds out, present participle fucking around and finding out, simple past and past participle fucked around and found out) (en.wiktionary.org)

familect

A familect or marriage language is a set of invented words or phrases with meanings understood within members of a family or other small intimate group. Among the pioneers of research on familects is Cynthia Gordon, professor of linguistics at Georgetown University, who discussed the concept in her 2009 book Making Meanings, Creating Family. Familects fall within the intimate register of communication. Familects often gain vocabulary through the words young children create as they learn to talk, when these words are adopted by the family. Familects also gain vocabulary through slips of the tongue and word invention. (en.wikipedia.org)

fámulus

pomocník, sluha (cs.wiktionary.org)

flop era

(Internet slang) A period marked by failure, lack of success, or the inability to function. ¶ From the practice of ironically referring to a life phase as an era on the social media platform TikTok (compare Fleabag era). (en.wiktionary.org)

FYIGM

“Fuck You, I Got Mine”. People who rally against something that would help someone else because they wouldn’t benefit from it. See also: People who are against health insurance reform. See also: People who were against credit card reform. See also: People who were against the government allowing mortgage lenders to make changes to the loans of borrowers who were in danger of defaulting. See also: People who clamor about supporting the troops and then complain when disabled vets get healthcare when they return from war. See also: Teenagers at their first McJob who complain because taxes (at the lowest bracket) are taking a sliver of their paycheck away. (urbandictionary.com)

Gall’s law

A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. The inverse proposition also appears to be true: A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be made to work. You have to start over, beginning with a working simple system. (principles-wiki.net)

GGG

It’s an attitude American sex columnist Dan Savage famously refers to as ‘GGG’ – an abbreviation for ‘good, giving and game’. ‘Think ‘good in bed,’ ‘giving equal time and equal pleasure,’ and ‘game for anything – within reason,’ Savage explained in one of his early columns. (nzherald.co.nz)

gnotobiologie

Gnotobiologie je nauka o bezmikrobních živočiších. Zabývá se živočichy získanými sterilními chirurgickými postupy nebo sterilním líhnutím z vajec. Tito živočichové jsou dále chováni ve sterilních izolovaných prostorách a krmeni sterilní potravou. Jsou buď zcela bezmikrobní, nebo jsou osazováni definovanými bakteriemi. Mezi živočichy, které gnotobiologie zkoumá, patří především prase, potkan, králík a různé kmeny myší. Na těchto modelech lze studovat vývoj přirozené a adaptivní imunity a vliv mikrobioty na příčiny a mechanismy vedoucí ke vzniku lidských chorob. (cs.wikipedia.org)

goblin mode

Goblin mode is a neologism for the rejection of societal expectations in a hedonistic manner without concern for one’s self-image. While usage of the term dates back to 2009 with varying definitions, the term went viral in early 2022. (en.wikipedia.org)

goblincore

Goblincore is an internet aesthetic and subculture inspired by the folklore of goblins, centered on the celebration of natural ecosystems usually considered less beautiful by conventional norms, such as soil, animals, and second-hand objects. (en.wikipedia.org)

gömböc

A gömböc (Hungarian: [ˈɡømbøt͡s]) is any member of a class of convex, three-dimensional and homogeneous bodies that are mono-monostatic, meaning that they have just one stable and one unstable point of equilibrium when resting on a flat surface. The existence of this class was conjectured by the Russian mathematician Vladimir Arnold in 1995 and proven in 2006 by the Hungarian scientists Gábor Domokos and Péter Várkonyi by constructing at first a mathematical example and subsequently a physical example. (en.wikipedia.org)

grok

(transitive, slang) To understand (something) intuitively, to know (something) without having to think intellectually. ¶ Coined by American author and aeronautical engineer Robert A. Heinlein in 1961 in his novel Stranger in a Strange Land. Heinlein invented the word for his fictitious Martian language. It is described as meaning “to drink” and, figuratively, “to drink in all available aspects of reality”, “to become one with the observed”. William Tenn later asked Heinlein if it could have been inspired by the term griggo, which featured in Tenn’s 1949 Venus and the Seven Sexes; Heinlein “looked startled, then thought about it for a long time (and) shrugged, (saying) ‘It’s possible, very possible.’” (en.wiktionary.org)

Gruen transfer

In shopping mall design, the Gruen transfer (also known as the Gruen effect) is the moment when consumers enter a shopping mall or store and, surrounded by an intentionally confusing layout, lose track of their original intentions, making them more susceptible to making impulse buys. It is named after Austrian architect Victor Gruen, who disapproved of such manipulative techniques. (en.wikipedia.org)

Habsburg AI

[A] system that is so heavily trained on the outputs of other generative AI’s that it becomes an inbred mutant, likely with exaggerated, grotesque features. (twitter.com)

hepeating

(informal, derogatory) Of a man: to repeat something a woman said and take credit for her idea. ¶ Blend of he +‎ repeat, said to have been coined in 2017 by friends of astronomer Nicole Gugliucci. (en.wiktionary.org)

highway hypnosis

Highway hypnosis, also known as white line fever, is an altered mental state in which an automobile driver can drive lengthy distances and respond adequately to external events with no recollection of consciously having done so. (en.wikipedia.org)

hikikomori

(uncountable) A Japanese phenomenon whereby a person becomes a recluse from society, typically remaining isolated in a single room at home for a very long period. ¶ Borrowed from Japanese 引きこもり (literally “pulling inward, being confined”) and is often translated as “acute social withdrawal” or shut-in. (en.wiktionary.org)

HODL

(neologism) To hoard a kind of cryptocurrency, especially bitcoin. ¶ Originally a mistyping of hold, appearing in a forum post on December 18, 2013. The backronym “Hold On for Dear Life” is sometimes used. (en.wiktionary.org)

holubí mléko

Je to víceméně populární název, nicméně současně oblíbený také ve vědeckém světě, kde se s ním setkáváme jako s označením pro produkt buněk epitelu volete holubů, ale také tučňáků nebo plameňáků. Zajímavý je na tom také fakt, že svým mláďatům dopřávají tuto vysokoenergetickou stravu složenou především z proteinů (60 %!) a tuků jak samice, tak samci – oba ji z volete vyvrátí přímo do zobáčků svých mladých. (vesmir.cz)

horses for courses

(chiefly British, idiomatic) Different people are suited for different jobs or situations; what is fitting in one case may not be fitting in another. ¶ An allusion to the fact that a racehorse performs best on a racecourse to which it is specifically suited. (en.wiktionary.org)

hustle porn

the fetishization of extremely long working hours (urbandictionary.com)

Hyperindiáni

S přijetím koně mohli Indiáni rychle měnit místa pobytu, protože tato zvířata unesla neskonale více zavazadel než psi a dokázala nahánět mnohem rychleji bizony, pomohla Indiánům je rychle skolit a vše použitelné přivézt. Až koně jim totiž napomohli využívat bizony jako jediný zdroj jejich obživy; neboť potom už bylo snadné sledovat tato zvířata v lehce zvlněné krajině a zabíjet je v mnohem větším počtu, než dokázali dříve pouze během a chůzí. Z lidí se stali na prériích nejobávanější „čtyřnozí“ predátoři. Tak se zrodili „Hyperindiáni“, jak tuto verzi „indiánství“ nazval právě náš Flores. (magazinuni.cz)

idempotence

Idempotence je v matematice, zejména v abstraktní algebře, vlastnost algebraických operací či prvků nějaké algebry. Operace je idempotentní, pokud jejím opakovaným použitím na nějaký vstup vznikne stejný výstup, jako vznikne jediným použitím dané operace. Tato vlastnost se vyskytuje například v lineární algebře u projekcí, je to také jedna z definičních vlastností uzávěrového operátoru. (cs.wikipedia.org)

IKEA effect

The IKEA effect is a cognitive bias in which consumers place a disproportionately high value on products they partially created. The name refers to Swedish manufacturer and furniture retailer IKEA, which sells many items of furniture that require assembly. (en.wikipedia.org)

incident pit

An incident pit is a conceptual pit with sides that become steeper over time and with each new incident until a point of no return is reached. As time moves forward, seemingly innocuous incidents push a situation further toward a bad situation and escape from the incident pit becomes more difficult. An incident pit may or may not have a point of no return such as an event horizon. (en.wikipedia.org)

Jevonsův paradox

Jevonsův paradox ([ˈdʒɛvənz]IPA, někdy Jevonsův efekt) je v ekonomii jev, kdy technologický pokrok přinášející větší efektivitu při využívání určitého zdroje paradoxně zvyšuje spotřebu tohoto zdroje kvůli větší poptávce (místo očekávaného poklesu spotřeby). Jevonsův paradox je zřejmě největším paradoxem environmentální ekonomie. Přesto vlády a environmentalisté stále všeobecně předpokládají, že zvýšená efektivita povede k poklesu využívání zdrojů ignorujíce možnost, že se spotřeba paradoxně zvýší. (cs.wikipedia.org)

jumping the shark

The idiom “jumping the shark” or “jump the shark” is a term that is used to argue that a creative work or entity has reached a point in which it has exhausted its core intent and is introducing new ideas that are discordant with, or an extreme exaggeration of, its original purpose. The phrase was coined in 1985 by radio personality Jon Hein in response to a 1977 episode from the fifth season of the American sitcom Happy Days, in which the character of Fonzie (Henry Winkler) jumps over a live shark while on water-skis. (en.wikipedia.org)

kludgeocracy

(uncommon, informal) A government characterized by complex, inefficient, and ad-hoc solutions to problems. [from December 2012] ¶ From kludge +‎ -ocracy. Coined by Steven M. Teles in 2012. (en.wiktionary.org)

Kolmogorovská složitost

Kolmogorovská složitost je pojem z oboru teoretické informatiky, přesněji z algoritmické informační teorie. Pro daná data se jí rozumí délka nejstručnějšího počítačového programu (v předem daném programovacím jazyce), který taková data dokáže vygenerovat. Přesná hodnota složitosti různých dat je určena tím, jaký programovací jazyk je zvolen, ovšem volba jazyka má jen omezený vliv. (cs.wikipedia.org)

Kopfkino

(informal, chiefly in the singular) imagination; inner cinema (in one’s mind’s eye) ¶ From Kopf (“head”) +‎ Kino (“cinema”). (en.wiktionary.org)

Kummerspeck

(dictionary.com)

kyriarchy

A system of ruling and oppression in which many people may interact and act as oppressor or oppressed. [from 1992] ¶ From Ancient Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord, master”) +‎ -archy (“rule of”), modelled after German Herrschaft (“lordship; dominion, reign”) and expanding on patriarchy. Coined by Romanian-born German-American feminist theologian Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza in 1992. (en.wiktionary.org)

longtermism

Longtermism is the ethical view that positively influencing the long-term future is a key moral priority of our time. It is an important concept in effective altruism and a primary motivation for efforts that aim to reduce existential risks to humanity. (en.wikipedia.org)

lotofág

zahálčivý, poživačný člověk (podle mytologického národa žijícího bez práce a živícího se lotosy) (slovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz)

luzný

(básnicky, knižně) krásný, okouzlující (cs.wiktionary.org)

magajmari

Magaj is brain and mari here means a lot of activity. Hence put together these two words MagajMari would mean a work that involves a lot of brain exertion . A Work requiring great mental exercise. Thus Magajmari is a brain wracking job. This word often implies a certain dislike or hate for the task. Origin of MagajMari seems to be from Gujarati language. (quora.com)

Machthaber

(often in the plural) ruler, ruling power, ruling class ¶ Macht +‎ haben (en.wiktionary.org)

man in the arena

The phrase man in the arena has recently been doing the rounds. It comes from a 1910 Teddy Roosevelt speech, and points to an archetype of a risk-taking doer who is in the fray making the hard decisions, even as self-important spectators keep up ceaseless unhelpful commentary. (studio.ribbonfarm.com)

medle

dle mě, podle mě, podle mého (názoru) ¶ Původem staročeské slovo, zkrácenina z „mne dle“. (cs.wiktionary.org)

micromarriage

A micromarriage is a one in a million chance that an action will lead to you getting married, relative to your default policy. Note that some actions, such as dying, have a negative number of micromarriages associated with them. (colah.github.io)

mileurista

(Spain) someone who having an income barely close to 1,000 euros a month, and generally is considered below its professional expectations ¶ From mil +‎ euros +‎ -ista. Term coined by Carolina Alguacil in a letter to the editor of the newspaper El País on 21 August 2005 with “Yo soy mileurista” (I am mileurista). (en.wiktionary.org)

mondegreen

Mondegreen je slovní hříčka, která vzniká záměrným či neúmyslným přeslechnutím či záměnou podobně znějících slov. K tomu může dojít vlivem komunikačních šumů (hlučné prostředí), nečekaným oslovením či v případě, kdy je použit neobvyklý či pro daného posluchače neznámý výraz. (cs.wikipedia.org)

mononormativity

Mononormativity or mono-normativity is the normative assumption that monogamy is healthier or more natural than ethical non-monogamy, as well as the societal enforcement of such an assumption. It has been widely tied to various forms of discrimination or bias against polyamory. (en.wikipedia.org)

monotropism

Monotropism is an individual’s tendency to focus their attention on a small or singular number of interests at any time, with them neglecting or not perceiving lesser interests. This cognitive strategy has been posited as the central underlying feature of autism. The theory of monotropism was developed by Dinah Murray, Wenn Lawson and Mike Lesser starting in the 1990s, and first published in 2005. Lawson’s further work on the theory formed the basis of his PhD, Single Attention and Associated Cognition in Autism, and book The Passionate Mind published in 2011. (en.wikipedia.org)

MPDG

(film, sometimes derogatory) A stock female character, typically characterized as a bubbly, quirky free spirit, whose main purpose within a narrative is to teach a young male protagonist to embrace the mysteries and adventures of life. [from 2007] ¶ Coined by the American film and music critic Nathan Rabin (born 1976) in a 2007 review of Elizabethtown (2005) to describe the character Claire Colburn played by Kirsten Dunst: see the quotation. (en.wiktionary.org)

navel gazing

Navel-gazing or omphaloskepsis is the contemplation of one’s navel as an aid to meditation. (en.wikipedia.org)

necropolitics

Necropolitics is a sociopolitical theory of the use of social and political power to dictate how some people may live and how some must die. The deployment of necropolitics creates what Achille Mbembe calls deathworlds, or “new and unique forms of social existence in which vast populations are subjected to living conditions that confer upon them the status of the living dead.” Mbembe, author of On the Postcolony, was the first scholar to explore the term in depth in his 2003 article, and later, his 2019 book of the same name. Mbembe identifies racism as a prime driver of necropolitics, stating that racialized people’s lives are systemically cheapened and habituated to loss. (en.wikipedia.org)

nie mój cyrk, nie moje małpy

(idiomatic) it’s none of my business ¶ Literally, “not my circus, not my monkeys”. (en.wiktionary.org)

nonastalgie

Nonastalgie je tesknění po (zejména raných) devadesátých letech, a to nejen ve smyslu jednoho časového úseku, ale především ve smyslu určitého časoprostoru. Nonastalgie je totiž paradoxně formou tzv. ostalgie, tedy stesku po světě „reálně socialistického“ Východu. Ten se zde ovšem neuplatňuje v podobě samotného státního socialismu, ale v podobě představ o Západu, které si lidé pod diktaturou jedné strany vytvořili a které byly spíše sadou projekcí a symbolů s pevně fixovanými významy než žitou zkušeností s komplexní a proměňující se realitou západních společností. (denikalarm.cz)

nostalgie de la boue

A yearning for something base or vile. ¶ Borrowed from French nostalgie de la boue (literally “nostalgia for mud”). (en.wiktionary.org)

NUMTOT

A name deriving from the Facebook group “New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens.” The acronym is commonly used to refer to any young person that appreciates public transit as well as urban development, while fighting gentrification. They generally share viewpoints with yimbies. (urbandictionary.com)

Omakase

Omakase (Japanese: お任せ, Hepburn: o-makase) is a Japanese phrase, used when ordering food in restaurants, that means ‘I’ll leave it up to you’ (from Japanese ‘to entrust’ (任せる, makaseru)). (en.wikipedia.org)

OODA loop

The OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, act) is a decision-making model developed by United States Air Force Colonel John Boyd. He applied the concept to the combat operations process, often at the operational level during military campaigns. It is often applied to understand commercial operations and learning processes. The approach explains how agility can overcome raw power in dealing with human opponents. (en.wikipedia.org)

orbiting

Men’s Health has referred to orbiting as “the new ghosting.” It’s when someone breaks off all contact with a person they were dating in real life, but they continue following that person on social media and interacting with their posts and content. In other words, they orbit their ex or former dating partner just like a planet might orbit another celestial body. Of course, it’s normal to stay social media friends sometimes, but if the breakup is fresh or the severing of ties was complete and the person is still reacting to your Instagram stories like nothing happened? Houston, we have a problem. (dictionary.com)

orthogonality

In computer programming, orthogonality means that operations change just one thing without affecting others. The term is most-frequently used regarding assembly instruction sets, as orthogonal instruction set. (en.wikipedia.org)

palimpsest

In textual studies, a palimpsest (/ˈpælɪmpsɛst/) is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off in preparation for reuse in the form of another document. Parchment was made of lamb, calf, or kid skin and was expensive and not readily available, so, in the interest of economy, a page was often re-used by scraping off the previous writing. In colloquial usage, the term palimpsest is also used in architecture, archaeology and geomorphology to denote an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another; for example, a monumental brass the reverse blank side of which has been re-engraved. (en.wikipedia.org)

Paris syndrome

An alleged transient psychological disorder encountered by some people visiting or vacationing in Paris, France, resulting from shock at their discovery that Paris is not what they had expected it to be. ¶ Paris syndrome (uncountable) (en.wiktionary.org)

Parkinson’s law

The adage that work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. ¶ Introduced by Cyril Northcote Parkinson in a humorous essay published in The Economist in 1955. (en.wiktionary.org)

pentlogram

Pentlogram (také pentlogram intenzit dopravy či kartodiagram intenzit dopravy) je dopravně-inženýrský diagram, který ukazuje intenzitu dopravy v určitých směrech. Svým způsobem se jedná o liniový kartodiagram, který je výsledkem dopravního průzkumu prováděného zejména formou průběžného nebo příležitostného sčítání dopravy. Může být určen pro lokální problémy (např. pentlogram intenzity v křižovatce), pro mapu intenzit dopravy v určitém městě, dopravní síti (silniční, železniční, integrovaná doprava) či pro rozsáhlé územní (národní či nadnárodní) celky. (cs.wikipedia.org)

planning fallacy

The planning fallacy is a phenomenon in which predictions about how much time will be needed to complete a future task display an optimism bias and underestimate the time needed. This phenomenon sometimes occurs regardless of the individual’s knowledge that past tasks of a similar nature have taken longer to complete than generally planned. The bias affects predictions only about one’s own tasks. On the other hand, when outside observers predict task completion times, they tend to exhibit a pessimistic bias, overestimating the time needed. The planning fallacy involves estimates of task completion times more optimistic than those encountered in similar projects in the past. (en.wikipedia.org)

poka-joke

Poka-joke, je japonský výraz (angl.: fail-safing - to avoid (jokeru), inadvertent errors (poka), česky: zabraňování pochybení - vyhnout se (jokeru), neúmyslná chyba, opomenutí (poka)). V doslovném překladu znamená poka – neúmyslná chyba a joke – zmenšení, z čehož plyne, že poka–joke je systém, který se stará o minimalizaci neúmyslných chyb, chyb z nepozornosti, tzn. že průběh výroby je uzpůsoben tak, aby bylo možné jednu výrobní operaci provést pouze jedním způsobem. V praxi to znamená nastavit operace tak, aby dělník nemohl v sériové výrobě pochybit. Podle systému poka–joke jsou například různé zástrčky a konektory vhodně barevně a tvarově odlišeny, tudíž jednu zástrčku mohu zasunout pouze do příslušné zásuvky a to pouze jedním správným směrem. Systém poka–joke dělá výrobní operace chybuvzdornými. (cs.wikipedia.org)

pomístní jméno

Vlastní jméno pomístní, anoikonymum, jehož součástí je i mikrotoponymum, místní vlastní jméno nesídlištní. Anoikonymy rozumíme všechna vlastní jména neživých přírodních objektů na planetě Zemi (např. pohoří) a všech člověkem vytvořených objektů na planetě Zemi, které nejsou určené k obývání (např. dálnice). (cs.wikipedia.org)

porejonymum

vlastní jméno vlakového spoje (is.muni.cz)

POSIWID

The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer, who observed that there is “no point in claiming that the purpose of a system is to do what it constantly fails to do.” The term is widely used by systems theorists, and is generally invoked to counter the notion that the purpose of a system can be read from the intentions of those who design, operate, or promote it. When a system’s side effects or unintended consequences reveal that its behavior is poorly understood, then the POSIWID perspective can balance political understandings of system behavior with a more straightforwardly descriptive view. (en.wikipedia.org)

pronoia

Pronoia describes a state of mind that is the opposite of paranoia. Whereas a person suffering from paranoia feels that persons or entities are conspiring against them, a person experiencing pronoia believes that the world around them conspires to do them good. The belief can be an irrational belief subject to medical diagnosis, or an enthusiastic, spiritual belief. (en.wikipedia.org)

průzkum bojem

Průzkum bojem představuje bojovou akci, jejímž primárním cílem je za pomoci přímého bojového střetnutí zjistit informace o nepříteli - o jeho síle, pozicích a případně plánech v dané oblasti. Klasickým příkladem je zkusmý útok na nepřátelské pozice za účelem zjištění pevnosti obrany a síly bránících se jednotek v daném sektoru. V obzvláště příznivých případech může takovýto průzkum přerůst v regulérní úspěšný útok (viz Rommelův útok na britské pozice krátce po příchodu do Afriky, nebo útok císařských jednotek v bitvě na Bílé hoře). (cs.wikipedia.org)

předlisk

menší výprask (např. od matky) před větším výpraskem (např. od otce)

QALY

The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) is a generic measure of disease burden, including both the quality and the quantity of life lived. It is used in economic evaluation to assess the value of medical interventions. One QALY equates to one year in perfect health. QALY scores range from 1 (perfect health) to 0 (dead). QALYs can be used to inform health insurance coverage determinations, treatment decisions, to evaluate programs, and to set priorities for future programs. (en.wikipedia.org)

quiet hands

Quiet hands is a term used in the context of autism and refers to the practice of suppressing or minimizing hand movements and stimming behaviors in autistic individuals. Stimming, or self-stimulatory behaviors, are repetitive movements or sounds that many autistic people engage in as a way to self-regulate, cope with sensory input, or express emotions. Examples of stimming include hand flapping, finger flicking, rocking, or making repetitive vocalizations. (quora.com)

quiet quit

(neologism, idiomatic) To cease overachieving at one’s workplace to focus on one’s personal life; to do only what is reasonably or contractually required; to work to rule. [since 2022] ¶ Back-formation from quiet quitting. (en.wiktionary.org)

r/K selection theory

In ecology, r/K selection theory relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of offspring. The focus on either an increased quantity of offspring at the expense of reduced individual parental investment of r-strategists, or on a reduced quantity of offspring with a corresponding increased parental investment of K-strategists, varies widely, seemingly to promote success in particular environments. The concepts of quantity or quality offspring are sometimes referred to as “cheap” or “expensive”, a comment on the expendable nature of the offspring and parental commitment made. The stability of the environment can predict if many expendable offspring are made or if fewer offspring of higher quality would lead to higher reproductive success. An unstable environment would encourage the parent to make many offspring, because the likelihood of all (or the majority) of them surviving to adulthood is slim. In contrast, more stable environments allow parents to confidently invest in one offspring because they are more likely to survive to adulthood. (en.wikipedia.org)

rizz

(slang) A person’s ability to seduce a potential (usually female) love interest; charm, game. ¶ Coined by YouTuber and Twitch streamer Kai Cenat (or one of his close friends) around May 2021 and popularized on TikTok in 2022. Rizz further increased in prominence throughout 2023 and was chosen as the 2023 Word of the Year by Oxford University Press. Contrary to popular belief, Cenat has confirmed that the term is not short for charisma. (en.wiktionary.org)

sea lioning

Sealioning (also sea-lioning and sea lioning) is a type of trolling or harassment that consists of pursuing people with relentless requests for evidence, often tangential or previously addressed, while maintaining a pretense of civility and sincerity (“I’m just trying to have a debate”), and feigning ignorance of the subject matter. It may take the form of “incessant, bad-faith invitations to engage in debate”, and has been likened to a denial-of-service attack targeted at human beings. The term originated with a 2014 strip of the webcomic Wondermark by David Malki, which The Independent called “the most apt description of Twitter you’ll ever see”. (en.wikipedia.org)

serendipita

Serendipita (též serendipity) označuje „šťastnou náhodu“ či „příjemné překvapení“. Výraz vytvořil Horace Walpole roku 1754. V dopisu příteli vysvětloval neočekávaný objev, který učinil a odkazoval se na perskou pohádku Tři princové ze Serendipu. Princové v ní dílem náhody i své prozíravosti objevovali věci, po kterých nepátrali. (cs.wikipedia.org)

shaggy-dog story

In its original sense, a shaggy-dog story or yarn is an extremely long-winded anecdote characterized by extensive narration of typically irrelevant incidents and terminated by an anticlimax. In other words, it is a long story that is intended to be amusing and that has an intentionally silly or meaningless ending. (en.wikipedia.org)

Shifting baseline syndrome

With ongoing environmental degradation at local, regional, and global scales, people’s accepted thresholds for environmental conditions are continually being lowered. In the absence of past information or experience with historical conditions, members of each new generation accept the situation in which they were raised as being normal. This psychological and sociological phenomenon is termed shifting baseline syndrome (SBS), which is increasingly recognized as one of the fundamental obstacles to addressing a wide range of today’s global environmental issues. (esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com)

Schadenfreude

Malicious enjoyment derived from observing someone else’s misfortune. ¶ Unadapted borrowing from German Schadenfreude (“joy in the misfortune of others”), from Schaden (“damage, misfortune”) + Freude (“joy”). The word gained popularity in English in the late 20th c. and likely entered mainstream usage through an episode of The Simpsons. (en.wiktionary.org)

Schnapsidee

An impractical idea which seems brilliant when one is drunk. ¶ From Schnaps (“booze”) +‎ Idee (“idea”). Akin to German Schnapsidee. (en.wiktionary.org)

Sick-quitter effect

The sick-quitter effect relates to people who have stopped drinking alcohol due to ill-health. These people often appear in health data as non-drinkers but may have already incurred harms from alcohol which led them to quit drinking. When a study uses non-drinkers as the comparison group (many of whom are ex-drinkers with health problems), it can falsely make the harms of drinking appear smaller or non-existent, or even make it seem like drinking small quantities of alcohol protects against harms. This is the sick-quitter effect. (ias.org.uk)

sigma male grindset

The sigma male grindset refers to the the superior mindset possessed by the male at the top of the social hierarchy, also known as the sigma. This grindset is often mentioned when the sigma does something that may be considered based and redpilled. Society (runned by betas) views the Sigma as a threat. He is thus often a victim of societal ostracism for his intrinsically based nature. He is the victim of a systematic societal hate crime. (urbandictionary.com)

simping

Simp (/sɪmp/) is an internet slang term describing someone who shows excessive sympathy and attention toward another person, typically to someone who does not reciprocate the same feelings, in pursuit of affection or a sexual relationship. This behavior, known as simping, is carried out toward a variety of targets, including celebrities, politicians, e-girls, and e-boys. The term had sporadic usage until gaining traction on social media in 2019. (en.wikipedia.org)

situationship

(neologism, informal) A romantic or sexual relationship in which the parties involved do not clearly define their relationship as such, but for example consider it “complicated” or a friends with benefits-type situation. ¶ From situation +‎ -ship or a blend of situational +‎ relationship. (en.wiktionary.org)

Sitzfleisch

(žertovně, hovorově) vytrvalost při sedavé činnosti, schopnost se dlouho soustředit bez pohybu na zadaný úkol, zicflajš ¶ Převzato z německého Sitzfleisch. (cs.wiktionary.org)

skimpflation

(economics, informal, neologism) The practice of reducing the quality of products while continuing to market them at the same price. ¶ Blend of skimp +‎ inflation. (en.wiktionary.org)

smrskflace

Smrskflace (z angl. shrinkflation) je skrytá forma inflace. Jedná se o snižování velikosti či množství produktu, přičemž jeho následná cena zůstává nezměněna, nebo se zvyšuje jen mírně. Anglický výraz je složeninou slov shrink (smrštit se) + inflace. (cs.wikipedia.org)

smygflyga

(intransitive) to fly without being detected; to stow away on a flight ¶ smyg- +‎ flyga (en.wiktionary.org)

soft launching

Soft launch originated as a web term that means launching a new website in stages. As dating slang, it means essentially the same thing, except the thing being launched is a new relationship. The term refers to the trend of posting subtle hints on social media that you’re dating someone new—two glasses of wine, for instance—without revealing identifying details. It was coined by actress Rachel Sennet, who tweeted in 2020, “Congratulations on the soft launch of ur boyfriend (pic on story, elbow and side profile only).” If things work out, maybe you’ll level up to sharing photos of each other on the main feed. (dictionary.com)

solastalgie

Solastalgie je neologismus, který popisuje formu citové nebo existenciální tísně způsobené změnami životního prostředí. Nejlépe je popsána jako negativně vnímaná změna v životním prostředí, ve kterém žijeme a které je nám blízké. Slovo bylo poprvé použito filosofem Glennem Albrechtem v roce 2005 a bylo vytvořeno kombinací latinského slova sōlācium (pohodlí) a řeckého algie (bolest). Albrecht ji popisuje jako „stesk po domově, který vás přepadne, i když jste stále doma“, pokud se vaše domácí prostředí mění způsobem, který je vám nepříjemný. V mnoha případech jsou příčinami globální klimatické změny, ale solastalgii mohou způsobit i lokální události, jako jsou sopečné erupce, sucho nebo destruktivní těžební techniky. Na rozdíl od stesku po domově, solastalgie odkazuje na úzkost specificky způsobenou změnami životního prostředí. V roce 2015 lékařský časopis The Lancet zahrnul solastalgii do svého konceptu příčin přispívajících k negativnímu dopadu změny klimatu na lidské zdraví. (cs.wikipedia.org)

sprezzatura

(chiefly art, music) The art of performing a difficult task so gracefully that it looks effortless; calculated nonchalance. ¶ Borrowed from Italian sprezzatura (“nonchalance”), which was coined in 1528 by Baldassare Castiglione; the term gained currency in English in the mid-20th century, often to describe art. (en.wiktionary.org)

stashing

Stashing is when you’re in a relationship with someone and you refuse to introduce them to your friends and family; mostly because you view the person as temporary, replaceable, and/or you’re an asshole. (urbandictionary.com)

steelman

A steel man argument (or steelmanning) is the opposite of a straw man argument. Steelmanning is the practice of addressing the strongest form of the other person’s argument, even if it is not the one they presented. (en.wikipedia.org)

stochastic parrot

In machine learning, the term stochastic parrot is a metaphor to describe the theory that large language models, though able to generate plausible language, do not understand the meaning of the language they process. The term was coined by Emily M. Bender in the 2021 artificial intelligence research paper “On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big? 🦜” by Bender, Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillan-Major, and Margaret Mitchell. (en.wikipedia.org)

sweet summer child

(often sarcastic) Someone who is naive, or who has never experienced hardship. ¶ As an idiomatic phrase, apparently from the 1996 fantasy novel A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin, although isolated occurrences go back to the 1800s. In the novel, a young boy is called a “sweet summer child” by an old woman, since seasons last for years in the novel’s world and he has yet to experience winter. Later popularized by its use in the episode “Lord Snow” (2011) of the television adaptation Game of Thrones. (en.wiktionary.org)

sympoietický růst

sourůst, prorůstání (novinky.cz)

thirst trap

A thirst trap is a type of social media post intended to entice viewers sexually. It refers to a viewer’s “thirst”, a colloquialism likening sexual frustration to dehydration, implying desperation, with the afflicted individual being described as “thirsty”. The phrase entered into the lexicon in the late 1990s, but is most related to Internet slang that developed in the early 2010s. Its meaning has changed over time, previously referring to a graceless need for approval, affection or attention. (en.wikipedia.org)

TKM

TKM je zkratka polského rčení Teraz kurwa my (česky Teď, kurva, my) používané některými politiky a novináři jako obrazné označení poměrů panujících v polské politice a jejích problémů. Týká se „mentality vítězů“, kdy po parlamentních volbách vítězná politická strana obsazuje různé funkce podle zásady dělení na „my“ a „oni“ (oni = jmenovaní předchozí vládnoucí stranou) a ne na základě věcných hledisek a odborných schopností. (cs.wikipedia.org)

tone policing

A tone argument (also called tone policing) is a type of ad hominem aimed at the tone of an argument instead of its factual or logical content in order to dismiss a person’s argument. Ignoring the truth or falsity of a statement, a tone argument instead focuses on the emotion with which it is expressed. This is a logical fallacy because a person can be angry while still being rational. Nonetheless, a tone argument may be useful when responding to a statement that itself does not have rational content, such as an appeal to emotion. (en.wikipedia.org)

Torschlusspanik

eleventh hour panic (the fear that time to act is running out) ¶ From Tor +‎ Schluss +‎ Panik, literally “gate-shut panic”. For safety reasons city gates used to be shut at nightfall (Torschluss, from Tor +‎ Schluss), leaving latecomers no other choice than to stay outside, thereby exposing them to various dangers. (en.wiktionary.org)

trashing

In computer science, thrashing occurs in a system with virtual memory when a computer’s real storage resources are overcommitted, leading to a constant state of paging and page faults, slowing most application-level processing. This causes the performance of the computer to degrade or even collapse. The situation can continue indefinitely until the user closes some running applications or the active processes free up additional virtual memory resources. (en.wikipedia.org)

treperenda

Treperenda je označení pro velmi neodbytné děvče, které neustále a rádo mluví. Od této činnosti se dá těžko odradit, na odbývání, snahu o umlčení nebo odehnání je zvyklá. (kdojeto.superia.cz)

tupelo

tupec, hlupák (cestina20.cz)

turbo-venkov

Možná to znáte z exotických výprav do odlehlých koutů světa, ale třeba i jen z letních cest do hor na Balkán či na Ukrajinu. Vyšlapete s batohem na zádech nahoru na planiny a tam, kde jste ještě včera vídali venkov a chaloupky jak z etnografického filmu, najednou rostou nové domy. A ne jeden dva ve vsi, ale celé nové vesnice, celé nové krajiny. A s nimi i nové obchůdky s globálním zbožím, betonové kostely či mešity, vydlážděná náměstíčka s memoriálním parkem, mezi nimiž se po bahnitých křivolakých cestách proplétají stovky ojetých aut. (vesmir.cz)

Umwelt

In the semiotic theories of Jakob von Uexküll and Thomas Sebeok, umwelt (plural: umwelten; from the German Umwelt meaning “environment” or “surroundings”) is the “biological foundations that lie at the very center of the study of both communication and signification in the human [and non-human] animal”. The term is usually translated as “self-centered world”. Uexküll theorised that organisms can have different umwelten, even though they share the same environment. The term umwelt, together with companion terms Umgebung (an Umwelt as seen by another observer) and Innenwelt (the mapping of the self to the world of objects), have special relevance for cognitive philosophers, roboticists and cyberneticians because they offer a potential solution to the conundrum of the infinite regress of the Cartesian Theater. (en.wikipedia.org)

vibe shift

(slang, neologism) A major change in the current zeitgeist. ¶ Coined in a Substack post in June 2021 by trend forecaster Sean Monahan. (en.wiktionary.org)

Vito Russo test

The Vito Russo test created by the LGBT organization GLAAD tests for the representation of LGBT characters in films. It asks: does the film contain a character that is identifiably LGBT, and is not solely or predominantly defined by their sexual orientation or gender identity, as well as tied into the plot in such a way that their removal would have a significant effect? (en.wikipedia.org)

von hinten Lyzeum, von vorne Museum

(somewhat dated, derogatory) mutton dressed as lamb ¶ Literally, “from behind [like] grammar school, from the front [like] museum”, that is, her dressing younger fails her as soon as one sees her face. Compare the same saying in some other continental European languages. The word Lyzeum (“grammar school for girls”) is now not used anymore, for which reason the saying has also become dated. (en.wiktionary.org)

Waluigi effect

The Waluigi Effect: After you train an LLM to satisfy a desirable property P, then it’s easier to elicit the chatbot into satisfying the exact opposite of property P. (lesswrong.com)

weaponized incompetence

(en.wikipedia.org)

Weltangst

world-fear, existential anxiety ¶ Welt +‎ Angst (en.wiktionary.org)

Westermarck effect

The Westermarck effect, also known as reverse sexual imprinting, is a psychological hypothesis that states that people tend not to be attracted to peers with whom they lived like siblings before the age of six. This hypothesis was first proposed by Finnish anthropologist Edvard Westermarck in his book The History of Human Marriage (1891) as one explanation for the incest taboo. (en.wikipedia.org)

westsplaining

Westsplaining (a blend word of west and the informal form -splaining of the gerund explaining) is a pejorative term that represents criticism of Western world sociopolitical views of Central and Eastern Europe and its historical and current relations with the Soviet Union and Russia. The word became virally popular during the Russian invasion of Ukraine after Jan Smoleński and Jan Dutkiewicz defined the word to mean “[the] phenomenon of people from the Anglosphere loudly foisting their analytical schema and political prescriptions onto the [Central and Eastern European] region”, which “ignore voices from the region”. (en.wikipedia.org)

white elephant

A white elephant is a possession that its owner cannot dispose of without extreme difficulty, and whose cost, particularly that of maintenance, is out of proportion to its usefulness. In modern usage, it is a metaphor used to describe an object, construction project, scheme, business venture, facility, etc. considered expensive but without equivalent utility or value relative to its capital (acquisition) and/or operational (maintenance) costs. (en.wikipedia.org)

wholesome

Promoting good physical health and well-being. ¶ From earlier holesome, from Middle English holsom, holsum, helsum, halsum, from Old English *hālsum, *hǣlsum, from Proto-West Germanic *hailasam, from Proto-Germanic *hailasamaz, equivalent to whole +‎ -some. Cognate with Saterland Frisian heelsoam, Dutch heilzaam, German Low German heelsaam, German heilsam, Icelandic heilsamur, Norwegian Nynorsk helsesam, Swedish hälsosam (“wholesome”). (en.wiktionary.org)

wokefishing

Coined by writer Serena Smith, wokefishing happens when someone portrays themselves as more progressive than they are, usually on social media, in order to impress others or simply because they aren’t as well-versed on the issues as they believe themselves to be. The term is modeled after catfishing, which is when someone assumes a false identity or personality online. Online activism is a part of life in 2021, but misrepresenting your values to get dates doesn’t sound very woke to us. (dictionary.com)

woonerf

A woonerf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋoːnɛr(ə)f]) is a living street, as originally implemented in the Netherlands and in Flanders (Belgium). Techniques include shared space, traffic calming, and low speed limits. (en.wikipedia.org)

Zeigarnik effect

In psychology, the Zeigarnik effect, named after Lithuanian-Soviet psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik, occurs when an activity that has been interrupted may be more readily recalled. It postulates that people remember unfinished or interrupted tasks better than completed tasks. In Gestalt psychology, the Zeigarnik effect has been used to demonstrate the general presence of Gestalt phenomena: not just appearing as perceptual effects, but also present in cognition. (en.wikipedia.org)

Zugzwang

Nevýhoda tahu (často také Zugzwang, z německého „vynucený tah“), je termín z kombinatorické teorie her a speciálně šachové terminologie. Označuje pozici, při které je pro hráče nevýhodné, že musí táhnout. Ideální by pro něho bylo nedělat nic. (cs.wikipedia.org)

zugzwangxiety

state of knowing you have to make a move, that it will certainly make your life worse in the short term with no guarantee of it doing any good in the long term, and just procrastinating as the clock runs out, making the situation worse with every tick anyway (twitter.com)

Казанский феномен

Kazaňský fenomén (rusky Казанский феномен – Kazanskij fenomen) byl termín používaný novináři pro popis vzestupu aktivit pouličních gangů ve městě Kazaň v RSFSR a později v Ruské federaci. (cs.wikipedia.org)